Journal: Research

Article Title: Inverse Vaccine Nanomimics: In situ Antigen-Specific Immune Tolerance Induction for Durable Cardiac Repair Post-Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.34133/research.1464

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in myocardial macrophage phenotypes and inflammatory cytokine profiles after myocardial infarction (MI). (A) Representative immunofluorescence images of heart sections from the Control, Gel@PPM, Gel@PP@Rapa, Gel@OVA-IVNMs, and Gel@IVNMs groups at 7 and 56 d after MI. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; blue), macrophages with CD68 (green), proinflammatory macrophage-associated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) with red fluorescence, and reparative/immunomodulatory macrophage-associated CD206 with purple fluorescence. Scale bars, 200 μm. (B) Quantification of iNOS- and CD206-positive signals in myocardial sections at 7 and 56 d after MI. (C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantification of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and IL-10 levels in myocardial tissue at 7 and 56 d after MI. Data are presented as means ± SD, with individual points representing biological replicates. Statistical significance is indicated as ns, not significant; * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001; **** P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For T cell immunofluorescence labeling, nuclei were labeled with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (E-CK-A163, Elabscience, China), CD4 with FITC (E-AB-F1097C, Elabscience, China), and CD127 with Alexa Fluor 555 (16-1271-85, eBioscience, USA).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Control, Staining, Fluorescence, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Tissue